The development of the automobile industry in the 20th century is inseparable from economic and social progress and today if we take France as an example:" …85% of households have at least one automobile compared with  40% 50 years ago (our translation)." (Pihet, 2012). However in the media nowadays, the question of the automobile is regularly associated with consequences that are harmful for both health and the environment.   If a lot of research can be found on automobile pollution a lot less can be found that deals with the question of new forms of mobility at the same time. Yet today the problems of mobility and sustainable development are inseparable; it is therefore necessary to reflect on  their interconnections (Gaymard & Egido, 2014 ; Gaymard & Tiplica, 2015a, 2015b). Many dilemmas exist between mobility, safety, health and protection of the environment.  In this chapter a reflection will be developed around these and we will try to understand why the stakes appear difficult to reconcile. After evoking the place of the automobile industry in history, we will deal with the problem of the costs linked to the use of vehicles and then we will develop the question of the dilemmas and social thinking concluding with the important stakes of daily mobility.