, If normalized to the intensity of the same diffraction peak 261 in the mica, the intensity of the (001) reflection peaks of kaolinite at 7.15 Å is higher in the 262 TRS-1, 2

, By contrast, chlorite disappears totally in the dark and bleached schists (TRS-1, 266 2, 3) that show negligible amounts of this mineral (e.g. TRS-1d, 5a, b)

, Florencite was detected due to its main diffraction peaks at 5.69 Å, 3.50 Å, and 2.95 Å 272 corresponding to (101), (110), and (113) reflections, respectively (Fig. 7d)

, Moreover, a closer look at the XRD 278 patterns in the 34-40 °2? angular domain allows a significant amount of nacrite and dickite 279 (kaolin group) to be detected in both samples (Fig. 7c). Nacrite is easily identified by its main 280 peaks at 2.44 Å, 2.43 Å, 2.41 Å and 2.40 Å corresponding to, kaolinite, and quartz, in excellent agreement with our observations 277 under the microscope (Table 2 and Figs. 5c-h, 7b and c), vol.2

, Small amounts of mica, chlorite, and smectite 633 and calcite in a southeastern Korean kaolin deposit formed from volcanic tuff. In Patagonia, 634 pervasive alteration of rhyolitic rocks produced dickite, pyrophyllite, and diaspore (Le Grecco 635, Therefore, the diffraction peak observed at 7.15 Å actually corresponds to both the kaolinite, 283 nacrite and dickite basal reflections (Fig. 7b), 2001.

. Sverjensky, 639°C, it is replaced by kaolinite, 1991.

, For the Tertre Rouge deposit, the detection of nacrite/dickite only within veins, and their

, Al 2 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 + H 2 O ? 2SiO 2 + Al 2 Si 2 O, p.4

. Beaufort, Kaolinite is progressively replaced by dickite/nacrite with 654 increasing burial depth during diagenesis (e.g. Ruiz Cruz, 1998.

, Buatier et al. (1996) reported a nacrite of the Tertre Rouge pit. Centimetric quartz veins occur locally inside the basal schist 684 level, irrespective of the weathering profile, similar to the N150°E thicker quartz veins 685 documented by, 2012.

. Marcoux-;-gloaguen, 688 identified several hydrothermal stages that precipitated large amounts of pyrite and a variety of 689 sulfarsenides, antimonides, and Sr-Sc phosphates that replaced oolitic ironstone layers within 690 the Lower Ordovician Armorican sandstone formation (see also Möelo et al., 2002, Fig. 2). both events (Late Carboniferous) (Chauris and Marcoux, 1994.

. Boulvais, The youngest kaolinization process, which is the most important in terms of a mineable 700 deposit, appears to be controlled primarily by weathering, in agreement with kaolinite-rich 701 weathering profiles documented throughout France (e.g. Bellion, 1979.

E. Thiry, This process overprints a chlorite-muscovite anchizonal-greenschist metamorphism 704 ascribed to Hercynian metamorphism (Ballèvre et al., 2012 and reference therein). More 706 European scale from various Paleozoic metamorphic rocks or granitoids, vol.707, 1967.

L. Pera, , 1975.

;. According-to-esteoule-choux and . Quesnel, the important episodes of weathering in Brittany 709 are older than Oligocene; the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene could be a suitable period, but 710 older periods (middle Cretaceous or even Jurassic) cannot be ruled out. Indeed, several in situ 711 "siderolithic" formations on the edges of the French Massif Central (SE of Brittany) and 712 kaolinitic profiles in the Belgian Ardennes, NE of Brittany) indicate especially early Cretaceous 713 ages, vol.Théveniaut, 1983.

. D/h, , 2000.

T. We-thank, A. Fréva, J. Lessard, and V. Boucherie, Cocault for having provided access 720 to the "Tertre rouge" B.N.Z. deposit, as well as assistance during field work. We thank Laurent 721 Lenta from the LPG for preparing the thin sections and Pierre-Emmanuel Petit and Nicolas 722 Stephan from the IMN laboratory

, Table 2. XRD mineralogy of the TRS and TRV samples (bulk sample analyses), Qz: Quartz, 2010.

, Prl: Pyrophyllite; Flo: Florencite; Rt: 737 Rutile; Gth: Goethite; Hem: Hematite; Jrs: Jarosite. *Identified from glycolated oriented clay 738 fractions, + major mineral, (+) minor mineral

, Table 3. Major element contents of the Tertre Rouge samples (wt%)

S. Table, Correlation coefficient matrix for trace elements

, NASZ: North Armorican Shear Zone and SASZ: 756 South Armorican Shear Zone) and their associated syn-kinematic Carboniferous leucogranites 757 are mapped. The main kaolinite outcrops are plotted according to their protolith lithology 758 (locations after Boulvais, map of the Armorican Massif located in the northwestern part of France, 755 in which major crustal-scale shear zones, vol.764, p.766, 1973.

, Figure 3. Images of the Tertre Rouge pit. TRS-#, TRV-# are locations of analyzed samples

, People give the scale. c) Upper levels of the 772 outcrop: The dark grey schist starts losing its cohesion (TRS-2) at the bottom, although the 773 cleavage S is still preserved

, pyrophyllite/kaolin/quartz rich veins within the TRS-1 unit under plane-polarized (b) and 781 cross-polarized light (c), from the bleached TRS-3 unit (d)

, Images of thin sections observed through optical microscopy under cross-polarized 784 light of the TRS-0 schist (a, b) and of pyrophyllite/kaolin/quartz-rich veins and vug (d-h). Kln: 785 kaolin (kaolinite, dickite, nacrite), Prl: Pyrophyllite, Qz: Quartz, Fe ox

, SEM-EDX images of TRV-1d veins (a, b; BSE mode) and of nacrite/dickite particles 788 from the TRV-2 samples (c-f, SE mode), vol.6

, Powder XRD patterns of the TRS samples (a, d) and of the TRV samples. Mica: 791 Mica, Kln: kaolinite, N: nacrite, Dck: dickite, Prl: pyrophyllite, Qz: quartz

, Normalized in intensity with the 794 mica peak at 9.98 Å to compare the kaolinite abundance between TRS-0 (lowermost unit) and 795 the TRS-1, 2, 3 samples (dark grey and bleached schists), (b) Normalized in intensity with 796 kaolinite to compare the FWHM, Figure 8. Powder XRD patterns of the TRS bulk samples : (a)

, Al in the TRS-0c sample. 800 801 Figure 10. BSE SEM images and EDS spectrum of florencite particles within the TRS-0c

F. Al, . Ca, . Sr, . La, N. Ce et al., ) elements absent from the florencite and likely due 804 to mica and/or kaolinite impurities

, Figure 11. BSE SEM images and EDS spectra of xenotime, monazite, oxidized pyrite, and 807 zircon within the TRS-0c sample

, Figure 12. REE patterns of the TRS and TRV samples

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