M. R. Carry, S. P. Ringel, and J. M. Starcevich, Mitochondrial morphometrics of histochemically identified human extraocular muscle fibers, The Anatomical Record, vol.214, issue.1, pp.8-16, 1986.

G. F. Wooten and D. J. Reis, Blood Flow in Extraocular Muscle of Cat, Archives of Neurology, vol.26, issue.4, pp.350-352, 1972.

J. D. Porter and P. Karathanasis, Extraocular muscle in merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy: cation homeostasis is maintained but is not mechanistic in muscle sparing, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.292, issue.3, pp.495-501, 1998.

R. F. Spencer and J. D. Porter, Biological organization of the extraocular muscles, Progress in Brain Research, vol.151, pp.43-80, 2006.

R. Wasicky, F. Ziya-ghazvini, R. Blumer, J. R. Lukas, and R. Mayr, Muscle fiber types of human extraocular muscles: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, vol.41, issue.5, pp.980-990, 2000.

S. Schiaffino and C. Reggiani, Fiber Types in Mammalian Skeletal Muscles, Physiological Reviews, vol.91, issue.4, pp.1447-1531, 2011.

H. M. Mcbride, M. Neuspiel, and S. Wasiak, Mitochondria: More Than Just a Powerhouse, Current Biology, vol.16, issue.14, pp.R551-R560, 2006.

J. B. Spinelli and M. C. Haigis, The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism, Nature Cell Biology, vol.20, issue.7, pp.745-754, 2018.

N. G. Larsson, Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Mammalian Aging, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.79, issue.1, pp.683-706, 2010.

E. A. Shoubridge, G. Karpati, and K. E. Hastings, Deletion mutants are functionally dominant over wild-type mitochondrial genomes in skeletal muscle fiber segments in mitochondrial disease, Cell, vol.62, issue.1, pp.43-49, 1990.

R. W. Taylor and D. M. Turnbull, Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.6, issue.5, pp.389-402, 2005.

L. C. Greaves, P. Yu-wai-man, E. L. Blakely, K. J. Krishnan, N. E. Beadle et al., Mitochondrial DNA Defects and Selective Extraocular Muscle Involvement in CPEO, Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, vol.51, issue.7, p.3340, 2010.

P. Yu-wai-man, J. Lai-cheong, G. M. Borthwick, L. He, G. A. Taylor et al., Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Deletions Accumulate to High Levels in Aging Human Extraocular Muscles, Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, vol.51, issue.7, p.3347, 2010.

O. R. Baris, S. Ederer, J. F. Neuhaus, J. Von kleist-retzow, C. M. Wunderlich et al., Mosaic Deficiency in Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism Promotes Cardiac Arrhythmia during Aging, Cell Metabolism, vol.21, issue.5, pp.667-677, 2015.

G. W. Bothe, J. A. Haspel, C. L. Smith, H. H. Wiener, and S. J. Burden, Selective expression of Cre recombinase in skeletal muscle fibers, genesis, vol.26, issue.2, pp.165-166, 2000.

J. M. Ross, Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome <em>C</em> Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry, Journal of Visualized Experiments, vol.57, issue.57, p.3266, 2011.

S. M. Tanhauser and P. J. Laipis, Multiple Deletions Are Detectable in Mitochondrial DNA of Aging Mice, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.270, issue.42, pp.24769-24775, 1995.

J. F. Neuhaus, O. R. Baris, S. Hess, N. Moser, H. Schröder et al., Catecholamine metabolism drives generation of mitochondrial DNA deletions in dopaminergic neurons, Brain, vol.137, issue.2, pp.354-365, 2013.

J. Schindelin, I. Arganda-carreras, E. Frise, V. Kaynig, M. Longair et al., Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis, Nature Methods, vol.9, issue.7, pp.676-682, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02616466

I. Arganda-carreras, C. O. Sorzano, R. Marabini, J. M. Carazo, C. Ortiz-de-solorzano et al., Consistent and Elastic Registration of Histological Sections Using Vector-Spline Regularization, Computer Vision Approaches to Medical Image Analysis, pp.85-95, 2006.

H. Berlin,

L. Kamentsky, T. R. Jones, A. Fraser, M. Bray, D. J. Logan et al., Improved structure, function and compatibility for CellProfiler: modular high-throughput image analysis software, Bioinformatics, vol.27, issue.8, pp.1179-1180, 2011.

T. R. Jones, I. H. Kang, D. B. Wheeler, R. A. Lindquist, A. Papallo et al., CellProfiler Analyst: data exploration and analysis software for complex image-based screens, BMC Bioinformatics, vol.9, issue.1, p.482, 2008.

L. A. Remington, Visual System, Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System, pp.1-9, 2012.

P. M. Treuting, S. M. Dintzis, and K. S. Montine, Introduction, Comparative Anatomy and Histology, pp.1-6, 2012.

R. F. Spencer and J. D. Porter, Biological organization of the extraocular muscles, Progress in Brain Research, pp.43-80, 2006.

M. H. Wiesen, S. Bogdanovich, I. Agarkova, J. C. Perriard, and T. S. Khurana, Identification and Characterization of Layer-Specific Differences in Extraocular Muscle M-Bands, Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, vol.48, issue.3, p.1119, 2007.

M. T. Budak, S. Bogdanovich, M. H. Wiesen, O. Lozynska, T. S. Khurana et al., Layer-specific differences of gene expression in extraocular muscles identified by laser-capture microscopy, Physiological Genomics, vol.20, issue.1, pp.55-65, 2004.

A. Herbst, J. W. Pak, D. Mckenzie, E. Bua, M. Bassiouni et al., Accumulation of Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Mutations in Aged Muscle Fibers: Evidence for a Causal Role in Muscle Fiber Loss, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.62, issue.3, pp.235-245, 2007.

A. Herbst, J. Wanagat, N. Cheema, K. Widjaja, D. Mckenzie et al., Latent mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations drive muscle fiber loss at old age, Aging Cell, vol.15, issue.6, pp.1132-1139, 2016.

F. Koerner and W. Schlote, Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.88, issue.2, p.155, 1972.

M. M. Briggs and F. Schachat, The superfast extraocular myosin (MYH13) is localized to the innervation zone in both the global and orbital layers of rabbit extraocular muscle, J Exp Biol, vol.205, pp.3133-3142, 2002.

P. E. Caballero, M. S. Candela, C. I. ??lvarez, and A. ?. Tejerina, Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia, The Neurologist, vol.13, issue.1, pp.33-36, 2007.

R. K. Petty, A. E. Harding, and J. A. Morgan-hughes, THE CLINICAL FEATURES OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, Brain, vol.109, issue.5, pp.915-938, 1986.

J. Wanagat, Z. Cao, P. Pathare, and J. M. Aiken, Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations colocalize with segmental electron transport system abnormalities, muscle fiber atrophy, fiber splitting, and oxidative damage in sarcopenia, The FASEB Journal, vol.15, issue.2, pp.322-332, 2001.

M. E. Lopez, N. L. Van-zeeland, D. B. Dahl, R. Weindruch, and J. M. Aiken, Cellular phenotypes of age-associated skeletal muscle mitochondrial abnormalities in rhesus monkeys, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol.452, issue.1, pp.123-138, 2000.

E. A. Bua, S. H. Mckiernan, J. Wanagat, D. Mckenzie, and J. M. Aiken, Mitochondrial abnormalities are more frequent in muscles undergoing sarcopenia, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.92, issue.6, pp.2617-2624, 2002.

W. C. Copeland, M. V. Ponamarev, D. Nguyen, T. A. Kunkel, and M. J. Longley, Mutations in DNA polymerase gamma cause error prone DNA synthesis in human mitochondrial disorders., Acta Biochimica Polonica, vol.50, issue.1, pp.155-167, 2003.

K. L. Debalsi, K. E. Hoff, and W. C. Copeland, Role of the mitochondrial DNA replication machinery in mitochondrial DNA mutagenesis, aging and age-related diseases, Ageing Research Reviews, vol.33, pp.89-104, 2017.

P. Mishra, G. Varuzhanyan, A. H. Pham, and D. C. Chan, Mitochondrial Dynamics Is a Distinguishing Feature of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types and Regulates Organellar Compartmentalization, Cell Metabolism, vol.22, issue.6, pp.1033-1044, 2015.

T. Ono, K. Isobe, K. Nakada, and J. I. Hayashi, Human cells are protected from mitochondrial dysfunction by complementation of DNA products in fused mitochondria, Nature Genetics, vol.28, issue.3, pp.272-275, 2001.

K. Nakada, A. Sato, and J. Hayashi, Mitochondrial functional complementation in mitochondrial DNA-based diseases, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, vol.41, issue.10, pp.1907-1913, 2009.

H. Chen, M. Vermulst, Y. E. Wang, A. Chomyn, T. A. Prolla et al., Mitochondrial Fusion Is Required for mtDNA Stability in Skeletal Muscle and Tolerance of mtDNA Mutations, Cell, vol.141, issue.2, pp.280-289, 2010.

N. A. Khan, J. Nikkanen, S. Yatsuga, C. Jackson, L. Wang et al., mTORC1 Regulates Mitochondrial Integrated Stress Response and Mitochondrial Myopathy Progression, Cell Metabolism, vol.26, issue.2, pp.419-428.e5, 2017.

R. W. Gilkerson, R. L. De-vries, P. L. Lebot, J. D. Wikstrom, E. Torgyekes et al., Mitochondrial autophagy in cells with mtDNA mutations results from synergistic loss of transmembrane potential and mTORC1 inhibition, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.21, issue.5, pp.978-990, 2011.

C. Fratter, G. S. Gorman, J. D. Stewart, M. Buddles, C. Smith et al., The clinical, histochemical, and molecular spectrum of PEO1 (Twinkle)-linked adPEO, Neurology, vol.74, issue.20, pp.1619-1626, 2010.