The recent demonstration of the presence of Lewy pathology in the submandibular glands of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients prompted us to evaluate the diagnostic performance of minor salivary gland biopsy for PD. Minor salivary glands were examined for Lewy pathology using phosphorylated alpha-synuclein antibody in 16 patients with clinically diagnosed PD and 11 control subjects with other neurological disorders. Abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein was found in 3 out of 16 PD patients. Two control subjects exhibited weak phosphorylated alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity. Our results do not support the use of minor salivary glands biopsy for the detection of Lewy pathology in living subjects.